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FAQs

Γενικές Ερωτήσεις σχετικά με το Sabayon Linux

Που είναι βασισμένο το Sabayon Linux?

Το Sabayon Linux είναι και βασίζεται ουσιαστικά στο Gentoo GNU/Linux. Το Gentoo Linux , είναι μία από τις δημοφηλέστερες διανομές πηγαίου-κώδικα. Όπως το Ubuntu χρησιμοποιεί ορισμένα πακέτα από το Debian, έτσι και το Sabayon χρησιμοποιεί ορισμένα πακέτα από το Gentoo.

Τι είναι μία διανομή πηγαίου-κώδικα?

Οι περισσότερες διανομές όπως το s Ubuntu, Debian, Red Hat, Fedora and SUSE, εγκαθιστούν δυαδικά πακέτα. Το δυαδικό πακέτο , είναι ουσιαστικά ένα προμεταγλωτισμένο πρόγραμμα, το οποίο μεταγλωτίστηκε (compiled) σε κάποιον άλλον υπολογιστή και είναι έτοιμο για κατέβασμα και εγκατάσταση σε άλλους υπολογιστές.

Μία διανομή πηγαίου-κώδικα , είναι μία διανομή η οποία μεταγλωτίζει τα προγράμματα απο τον κώδικα στον υπλογιστή την ώρα της εγκατάστασης. Οι διανομές αυτού του είδους , διαθέτουν στα αποθετήριά τους πακέτα δυαδικής μορφής? Αυτό συμβαίνει με κάποια πακέτα τύπου OpenOffice, που λόγω τεράστιου όγκου κάποιοι δεν θέλουν την χρονοβόρα διαδικασία της μεταγλώτισσης και το θέλουν έτοιμο, γιατί μπορεί να τους πάρει ώρες μέχρι και 2 ημέρες, ανάλογα με την δύναμη του υπολογιστή.

Γιατί να επιλέξω μία διανομή βασισμένη στον πηγαίο-κώδικα όπως είναι το Sabayon Linux?

To Sabayon Linux έχει δύο διαχειριστές πακέτων: Entropy (δυαδικά πακέτα) και το Portage (πακέτα πηγαίου κώδικα). Όμως μπορείτε να εγκαταστήσετε πακέτα έτοιμα αντί των πακέτων πηγαίου κώδικα που βασίζεται.Το Sabayon Linux προσφέρει στους χρήστες τη δυνατότητα επιλογής και τα καλύτερα των δύο κόσμων. Τα πακέτα με τα προγράμματα του αποθετήριου έχουν χτιστεί με τη χρήση του διαχειριστή πακέτων Portage και στη συνέχεια συσκευάζονται χρησιμοποιώντας τα εργαλεία του Entropy για την συσκευασία σε αυτόν τον υπολογιστή. Τα πακέτα με τα προγράμματα που αποθηκεύονται στο αποθετήριο, μπορείτε να τα εγκαταστήσετε στον υπολογιστή σας, χρησιμοποιώντας είτε το Equo εντολή πελάτη γραμμή ή την Sulfur GUI διαχειριστή πακέτων. Προτείνεται ο entropy.

Υπάρχουν δύο βασικά πλεονεκτήματα που βασίζoνται στο γεγονός ότι ανήκουνουν σε διανομές πηγαίου-κώδικα. Πρώτον, βασίζεται σε πηγές που έχουν συχνά τα νεότερα λογισμικά πριν τις κάνουν οι δυαδικές διανομές. Αυτό οφείλεται κυρίως στο γεγονός ότι, αντί να δημιουργηθεί ένα πακέτο και στη συνέχεια να το δοκιμάσετε σε διαφορετικές μηχανές, το μόνο που απαιτείται σε κάτι σαν το Sabayon Linux είναι ένα αρχείο, πού να βρείτε τον πηγαίο κώδικα και πώς να το υπολογίσουν. Δεύτερον, αναμφίβολα ένα πρόγραμμα θα έχει τελικά μια δυνατότητα που δεν χρειάζεστε, και απλά θα καταλαμβάνουν χώρο ή να επιβραδύνει το πρόγραμμα. Σε μία δυαδική διανομή, είστε κολλημένοι με αυτό το χαρακτηριστικό. Σε μια πηγαία-διανομή , έχετε τη δυνατότητα αφαίρεσης ανεπιθύμητων χαρακτηριστικών κατά τη στιγμή της κατάρτισης (με την προϋπόθεση ότι χρησιμοποιείτε το Portage και όχι τον έντροπυ).

Ποια είναι τα συνθηματικά για το LiveCD/DVD?

Στις παλιές εκδόσεις:

root account = root

sabayonuser account = sabayonuser

Στις νεότερες εκδόσεις:

root account: None, just press the Enter key.

sabayonuser account: None, just press the Enter key.

Εκκινώντας το LiveCD/DVD

Ε: Κατά την εγκατάσταση, η πρόοδος σταμάτησε μετά το μύνημα "preparing the live CD environment". Τι μπορώ να κάνω?

A: Πατήστες Alt-F1 κατά την εκκίνηση , το οποίο θα σας γυρίσει σε Verbose Mode και θα σας βοηθήσει να δείτε τις πληροφορίες που ακριβώς κόλλησε.

Παρακαλώ δείτε την λίστα με τους κώδικες που μπορείτε να δοκιμάσετε

Εγκατάσταση

Ε: Ποιές είναι οι ελάχιστες απαιτήσεις συστήματος (CPU, memory, hard disk space, graphic card) για την εγκατάσταση του Sabayon Linux στον υπολογιστή μου?

A: Όλες οι απαιτήσεις του συστήματος, τόσο για ταχεία ή όχι , για βίντεο επιτάχυνσης αναφέρονται εδώ. Ένα εργαλείο επιλογής πακέτου είναι επίσης διαθέσιμο.

Ε: Όταν ο X ξεκινάει δεν βλέπω τίποτα, μοιάζει σαν η ανάλυση να είναι πολύ υψηλή.

A: Πατήστε τον συνδιασμό "Ctrl Alt +" ή "Ctrl Alt -" για να μπορείτε να δείτε την οθόνη. Εκεί μπορείτε να ρυθμίσετε την ανάλυσή σας στο KDE μέσω του Συστήματος Ρυθμίσεις> Εμφάνιση και οθόνη, ή μπορείτε να τροποποιήσετε άμεσα / etc/X11/xorg.conf αρχείο σας, ή μπορείτε επίσης να χρησιμοποιήσετε το "Ctrl-Alt-F1" για να φτάσετε στην κονσόλα.

Ε: Υπάρχει μια ενημερωμένη βιβλιοθήκη των εκτελέσιμων πακέτων που μπορώ να χρησιμοποιήσω αντί για τη σύνταξη των πάντων από τις πηγές, για τις ενημερωμένες εκδόσεις;

A: Ναι. Χρησιμοποιήστε τον διαχειριστή πακέτων Entropy, αντί του Portage.

Πολυμέσα

Μήπως αυτά περιλαμβάνουν υποστήριξη για κάποια ιδιόκτητη πλατφόρμα; Ναι,το Sabayon Linux υποστηρίζει DVD, MP3, WMA, AAC, DivX. Επιπλέον, υποστηρίζει πολλές ανοικτές πλατφόρμες, όπως το Ogg Vorbis, Matroska, Ogg Theora, FLAC, και κωδικοποιητή-αποκωδικοποιητή Xvid.

Παιχνίιδα

Παρακαλώ επισκεφτείτε την ενότητα με τα παιχνίδια

AIGLX

Q: Is AIGLX available?

A: If your graphics card is capable, then this should work out-of-the-box. If you are having trouble, start with the Gentoo Wiki article http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/AIGLX/Troubleshooting.

Q: In HOWTO: Get Ati or Nvidia Video Cards working in Sabayon it states that ATI GPUs can use AIGLX with the closed-source driver FGLRX. Is it feasible? Previously this worked only with XGL and open source DRI (direct giving infrastructure) Radeon driver.

A: AIGLX is supported by both the open-source Radeon driver and the closed-source FGLRX driver. N.B. Not all ATI cards are supported by the closed-source FGLRX driver and must use the Radeon driver. To find out if the closed-source driver supports your ATI card, see the release notes for the relevant version of the FGLRX driver (a.k.a. AMD Catalyst driver for Linux).

Wolfden's Most Seen Asked Questions

What is Sabayon Linux

Sabayon Linux is based on the source-based distribution named Gentoo Linux http://gentoo.org. Gentoo is a particularly customizable distribution that we have used as our base to create a pre-configured distribution. If you have other questions on Gentoo and its philosophy, I request you visit their website.

Differences with Gentoo?

  • Overlay: We have our own Portage overlay for ebuilds. Ebuilds are script files that contain instructions for the Portage package manager on how to install the package from its source code.
  • Performance: We have modified the Portage make.conf file in order to ensure that our distribution will run at higher speed on newer computers and as fast as possible on older computers.
  • Variability: Again, we have modified make.conf in order to cater for a wide spectrum of hardware using the x86 and amd64 (x86_64) processor architectures.
  • Entropy: We have a binary manager that can be used as the one and unique package manager. It functions also with Portage so that you can use them both if you are an experienced user. The Entropy binary packages are ready-built and can be installed immediately without the need to compile anything from the source code.

Minimum requirements for Sabayon Linux?

  • i686 Processor (starting from AMD K6 and Intel Pentium II)
  • 512 MB of RAM (1 GB suggested)
  • an OpenGL-capable 3D graphics card (mostly NVIDIA, ATI, Intel, VIA)
  • a DDC-capable Monitor
  • mouse and keyboard
  • Internet to the Internet (not obligatorily, but recommended)
  • Minimum of 12 GB of free hard disk space for KDE and GNOME. Minimum of 5 GB for the others, but note that this will not let you do much. I recommend at least 40 GB for KDE or GNOME installations, and 15 GB for the others.

About Package Manager

I just installed it, what do I do first?

This question has always amazed me. Who says there is anything to do? How about just using the operating system and getting familiar with it? Take some time and read the documentation. If you insist on having to do something then emerge --sync && layman -S to update your Portage package list, or, if using Entropy, see Fresh Install

How do I update/install packages?

Please read the Entropy page. Entropy is the package manager specially developed for Sabayon Linux. It has a command line interface (Equo) and a GUI interface (Sulfur). Equo or Sulfur are recommended for newer users of Sabayon Linux. Advanced users of Sabayon Linux may wish to use Portage, the package manager developed for Gentoo Linux, on which Sabayon Linux is based. For information on Portage, please read HOWTO: The Complete Portage Guide.

What about a GUI for managing packages?

Sulfur is the GUI for the Entropy package manager.

Stop.png
emerge and layman are Portage commands, Portage is not our own package manager but is available to advanced users. Any steps using these commands can be safely ignored

There are GUIs for the Portage package manager, but they are no substitute for using emerge on the command line.

  • Portato is a GUI for Portage that we recommend as it is the most actively developed. Home Page

Personally if you have to rely on a GUI, then try to just use it as a browser of Portage, but still use the command line to install your packages. You will save yourself a lot of headaches. Search and gather your information needed with the GUI then open up Konsole or Terminal and install using the emerge command.

How do I install several packages?

For Entropy:

# equo install foo foo foo foo foo

For Portage:

# emerge foo foo foo foo foo

The package manager will install each package one after another. Replace foo with actual package name.

How do I search for a package?

  • For Entropy:
# equo search foo

or use the Sulfur GUI, or use the Sabayon Linux Web site's Entropy package search page.

  • For Portage:
# emerge -s foo

or use a GUI such as Portato.

Using EIX

  • For Portage:

I highly recommend using eix. It's the best tool you can have at your hands for searching. It is a command line tool, but it is very powerful and will tell you lots of information.

# emerge eix && eix-update
# eix foo

You can use eix in Entropy too:

# equo install eix && eix-update
# eix foo

Example output of eix gedit:

 [I] app-editors/gedit
     Available versions:  2.18.2-r1 2.20.3 (~)2.20.4 {acl debug doc python spell xattr}
     Installed versions:  2.20.4(07:05:31 AM 12/29/2007)(python -debug -doc -spell -xattr)
     Homepage:            http://www.gnome.org/
     Description:         A text editor for the GNOME desktop

Eix has the ability to search Portage and all overlays. Simply edit the /etc/eix-sync.conf file and just add * to it

# echo '*' >> /etc/eix-sync.conf

Then do:

# eix-remote update

Now when you search, it will tell where and what overlay a package is in if it is not in the Portage main tree. This will widen your abilities to find packages, as overlays contain a lot of ebuilds too.

http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Eix

Can I emerge 2 packages at same time in Portage?

Yes you can, but it can and will bog your system down. It's not really recommended.

How do I update everything at once?

For Entropy:

# equo update
# equo upgrade
# equo conf update

See the Sabayon Wiki article Entropy for details.

Stop.png
emerge and layman are Portage commands. Portage is not our package manager but is available to advanced users. Any steps using these commands can be safely ignored

If you are new to this distro and have no understanding of Portage, we do not recommend this until you get to know how this distro works. This is one of the fastest ways to destroy your system. This distro is not like the other distros that have the big easy button update. For your information though, 'world update' is what Gentoo calls updating your entire system. It looks at your 'world file' and compares it to Portage and then proceeds to update all packages. Following is how:

# emerge -- sync && layman -S
# emerge -ua world

You've been warned. When you come yelling because your system won't boot, don't expect sympathy.

N.B. The term 'world' is no longer used in Entropy.

How do I uninstall a package?

  • For Entropy:
# equo remove foo

Note - this can remove dependencies.

  • For Portage:
 # emerge -C foo

Note - this will not remove the dependencies. You will need to run depclean for that. I stress great caution with depclean, as it means what it says.

How do I find out which packages depend on a certain package?

# equery depends foo

It will tell you all files depending on that package. See using gentoolkit for more information and commands.

I keep getting !!! ARCH is not set... Are you missing the 'etc/make.profile' symlink?

In Konsole/Terminal use the su command to become the root user and then:

  • Run the following command: eselect profile list
  • Look for something like: default-linux/x86/2007.0/desktop and note the number in front of it.
  • Then do: eselect profile set # <--replace the # with the number. In my case it would be eselect profile set 6

Now you should be good to go again.

Do I have to download the LiveCD/DVD every time to upgrade?

Entropy: The equo command makes upgrading easy - see Entropy.

Portage: If you are not familiar with Portage then the best route is to wait till the next release is available. You can upgrade through Portage and Layman only if you know what you are doing. The installer has several options for you. Always backup your files before doing anything. My personal opinion: backup, fresh install, restore backup.

What is Entropy or Equo?

Entropy is the binary package manager of Sabayon Linux. To install binary packages you use either the command line client Equo or the GUI client Sulfur.

A binary package is a file package containing the already-compiled files to install instead of having to compile the source code. Equo and Sulfur handle these files.

How do I make sure my system is secure?

It's pretty easy to keep your system secure. Entropy does this for you automatically.

For Portage:

  • Open up konsole or terminal and enter the command su to become the root user.
  • Run the command glsa-check -t all to check your system.
  • Then to fix, run glsa-check -f $(glsa-check -t all)

How do I handle blocked packages?

This is an issue in Portage. You are going to run into packages blocking other packages. This can happen for several reasons, e.g. a package has been dropped from Portage as it no longer exists or is no longer supported. In most cases you will simply have to remove (uninstall) the package that is blocking the new package. You will want to do some research on this first. Don't take Portage for granted and blindly do as it says without checking out what or why.

Note - latest versions of Portage (version 2.2 and higher) handle most blockages.

How to handle masked packages?

A package is complaining that it is masked and cannot install. This is one of those times you want to check why it is masked. A masked package is usually masked to prevent you from busting things. There are several ways a package can be masked. You can still install masked packages by unmasking them, but make sure you find out first why they are masked.

How do I update the config files?

As you install stuff, some packages are going to bring in new versions of their config files. These config files are important as they may have new settings for that package that need to be implemented. I stress that is is very, very crucial that you pay attention to these config files. You can change the entire outcome of your installation if you are not careful. Get to know your config files. There are several ways to handle these files:

For Entropy:

# equo conf update

For Portage: dispatch-conf and etc-update are probably the most popular ways of handling updates to config files. A GUI tool is etc-proposals.

Please handle these files with care. You can't know these files enough.

Where do I start to configure my system?

For Entropy: All packages are pre-configured remotely as they have been compiled on a remote computer. You do not need to (and cannot) do anything. If a package has been compiled without a specific USE flag that you need, then you will either have to request to the Entropy repository maintainers that the package be rebuilt (file a bug report in bugzilla) and the new version placed in the Entropy repository, or use Portage to rebuild it yourself.

For Portage: The file make.conf is your heart and soul of your operating system. Learn it, edit it and build a lean, mean machine. Sabayon Linux ships with a generic make.conf that tries to support everything under the sun. You don't need all that stuff and by configuring, you will have lesser issues with Portage and conflicts.

Where does Portage download the packages to?

They are downloaded and stored in the directory /usr/portage/distfiles/

Where does Entropy download the packages to?

They are downloaded and stored in the directory /var/lib/entropy/packages/ For instance, on my amd64 using Branch 4 they are stored in /var/lib/entropy/packages/amd64/4

How do I clean out Entropy downloaded packages?

# equo cleanup

See Sabayon Wiki page of Equo commands or equo --help --verbose

3D Desktop/Compiz Questions

The cube was working on LiveCD/DVD but doesn't on install, now what?

Well, now it's getting difficult as we need to check more things. You will need the assistance of the Sabayon Linux Forum or IRC to help. I recommend you try and find the source of your problem first. When logged in, open a Konsole/Terminal window and type in the command fusion-icon and see what the error message is in the Konsole/Terminal. You will need to post that error message with your request for help. Make sure you have installed the latest video drivers for your video card also.

How do I update Compiz-Fusion to latest Dev. Version?

We have a guide on the forum that is maintained to keep up with the changes in Compiz-Fusion development. This is for Portage users.

How do I know if my card will work with Compiz-Fusion?

We have a card list that the community has reported on if their card works or not. It's not a complete list, but a good list to reference.

Where can I get more help on Compiz-Fusion?

I would suggest their support forum.

How do I install KDE 4.x.x with Equo?

# equo install kde-meta-4.x.x

Replace the x's with the version of KDE you want to install.

How Do I enable Autologin?

Please see our Wiki page for how to do this.

Networking Questions

How do I find out what network card I have?

As root user, enter the command lspci in a Konsole or Terminal window. That will list hardware; look for your Ethernet controller.

How do I set-up my network?

Well, hopefully the LiveCD/DVD recognizes your network card, and NetworkManager sets your network up for you. If it doesn't, try running the command as root: simply su and run net-setup. You're going to want to consult the Gentoo Networking section.

I can ping my router but can't access the Internet

You're probably having DNS issues. You need to edit the file /etc/resolv.conf and enter the correct DNS, then restart your network. If you don't know what to use for DNS, use 4.2.2.2

Sound Questions

I have no sound, what do I do?

  • Let's see if you computer detects your sound card so, from a command line, use su to become root user, and run alsaconf - hopefully your card shows up and all you have to do is select and go.
  • After running that, you can use alsamixer to adjust your sound settings. Press F6 to select your card in ALSAMixer and make sure no channels are muted and that the channel volumes are turned up.
  • If you have HDA-Intel Card, Please see this HowTo

How can I determine what sound card I have?

As root user run the command lspci | grep -i audio

How do I install the alsa-driver instead of having it in the kernel?

Sabayon Linux comes with ALSA built into the kernel. You can't install the alsa-drivers while ALSA is built into the kernel. You have to remove ALSA from the kernel before you install the alsa-driver package. So use the su command to become the root user, and then enter the following commands:

# cd /usr/src/linux
# make menuconfig
# make && make modules_install
# cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel_name <--replace kernel_name with the actual name of kernel
  • Reboot
# emerge alsa-driver

Why do I have to run alsaconf every time I reboot?

This usually happens if you have more than one sound card in your machine. Many people have an on-board sound card and then stick in a better sound card. Disable your on-board sound card via your BIOS and when you run alsaconf again, ALSA will restore your sound each time you reboot.

Video Questions

My NVIDIA card is a legacy card, what driver do I need?

You will need to compare your card with the information below to find out which driver is best for your card:

I need help with my AMD/ATI card!

I don't have ATI so I can't supply much help here, but I can point you to:

How do I setup AIGLX with my ATI?

How do I setup Dual Monitors?

Personally I use twin view and it works great with Compiz-Fusion also. Check out the Gentoo Wiki article X.Org/Dual Monitors

Video Worked on LiveCD/DVD, but not once install. Options?

If your video was fine on the LiveCD/DVD I would boot the LiveCD/DVD and copy the xorg.conf from it to your hard drive install. There are several ways to do this.

  • Option 1 - Boot up and browse to /etc/X11/ and copy the file xorg.conf to your installed version. You should be able to access your installed version through the /media directory so it may be something like /media/mydrive/etc/X11/ Reboot the computer and you should have what you had on the LiveCD/DVD. Always backup your files before overwriting.
  • Option 2 - Boot up and browse to /etc/X11/xorg.conf and use something like http://www.pastebin.ca to paste your xorg.conf file there. Note the URL so that when you reboot to your installed version you can access it. Then just rename your existing xorg.conf and make a new one with the one you pasted.
  • If you still don't have any luck, we may need to look at your drivers. Try reinstalling your video drivers, but, before reinstalling, make sure you are getting the latest drivers. NVIDIA users, make sure you are using the proper drivers for your card. See Question 1 under Video Questions.

How do I know what Version of Sabayon I installed?

# cat /etc/sabayon-release

N.B. Sabayon Linux is a 'rolling release' distro. Therefore, if you have upgraded your installation via Entropy or Portage then your installation will no longer be the version recorded in /etc/sabayon-release, as that file tells you the version of the LiveCD/DVD that you used to install Sabayon Linux.

I can't get the LiveCD/DVD to boot. Help!

Make sure you md5sum is good and you burnt the ISO image as slowly as possible with Burn Verify. This is vital and you will be asked every times if you have done this, so do it.

  • Use the cheat codes -- Use the F5 key when the LiveCD/DVD menu and enter your code(s) into the box that appears
  • If you're still having problems, post in the Sabayon Linux Forum your hardware and what cheat codes you tried. Maybe someone else has, or had, same issue and found a way to boot it.

Should I get the 32-bit or the 64-bit edition?

This is a never-ending, debatable question. For new users, 32-bit is easier to operate as 64-bit may be a bit fussier. Everything should work in 64-bit as the 32-bit version. Keep in mind that you are still using mostly 32-bit applications. The average desktop user is not going to see benefits over the 32-bit. I suggest to people to try both and see for themselves. In my experience I see most new people picking the 32-bit version. You can certainly Google for more information on this debate.

Can I install without having to burn the ISO to CD or DVD?

Yes, you can install if you don't have a CD or DVD burner. Another way, if your computer can boot USB pen drives, is to use UNetbootin or similar to install the Sabayon Linux ISO to a pen drive and create a bootable pen drive (think of it as a fast LiveCD/DVD). Then you can boot the pen drive to get to a Live desktop, and install Sabayon Linux from there, just as you would from a LiveCD/DVD.

Help and Support Questions

How Do I get Log files to get better support?

With the package app-misc/sabayonlive-tools, you can easily gather important information to help you debug and provide vital information for the support team to help you. Please see this thread to learn how.

Where Do I file a Bug Report?

Please use our bugzilla

Where can I get help?

Are you lost and confused? There are a lot of great resources out there. I highly encourage you to do some searching first before running into IRC or the Forum and making the same post that has already been posted 100 times. It gets really old answering the same question day in and day out when it's so well documented.

  • Sabayon Linux Forum
  • Sabayon Linux Wiki
  • Gentoo Handbook
  • Official Gentoo Documentation
  • Gentoo Wiki
  • Gentoo Portage
  • A Portage Introduction
  • irc.freenode.net in channel #Sabayon also on desktop Get Live Help -- note to IRC users, be human and have patience. Do not paste errors in the room either. To paste messages in IRC, use pastebin.ca, [1] or your favorite pasting site. Then simply give the URL for your pasted text so others can view your error. The people in IRC are not paid to be there, they do it out of dedication, so treat them nicely. Trolling, stupidity, and rudeness will get you banned. Also note that the IRC room is not there to teach you Linux or hold your hand. Don't be lazy, do your part too.
  • Quick note when pasting error messages - Do not paste the error message alone: everyone thinks that ERROR: x11-base/xgl-0.0.1_pre20070915 failed is the error, it's not. The error is above that. Post the entire build log so we don't have to waste time waiting for you to post back with the actual error. If you read below the ERROR: it even says to paste the uppermost error and call stack if relevant.
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